DARFUR (SUDAN) CRISIS

People's demonstrating against the government of Sudan and the Janjaweed millitia group which is favoured by the government

The map of Darfur

Citezens left homeless due to the ongoing figtings in Darfur waiting for refugees assistance

Severe impacts of the fightings in Darfur

Justice for Equality Movement (JEM) fighters

DARFUR ( SUDAN ) CRISIS

Darfur means “ the land of fur”, it is the most deserted region in sudan situated at the western part of sudan. The crisis highly started in 2003 when the SPLM/A and JEM groups in suadan took up arms accusing the sudanesse government of opposing black africanism in the favour of arabs.

PARTS INVOLVED IN THE CONFLICT.

1.The Sudanese government

• Official Sudanese military and police
• Janjaweed – an Arab militia group recruited only from the Abbala tribe of the northen sudan.

2.Rebels groups

• SPLM/A – Sudanese People Liberation Movement/ Army
• JEM – Justice and Equality Movement

They are recruited primary from Non-Muslims Arab tribes.

ETHNICS IN DARFUR

·        Abbala

·        Fur

·        Zaghawa

·        Masalit

CAUSES OF THE CONFLICT

• Regionalism, it is northerners who are white Arabs, most developed than southerners Non- Muslim
• Religionalism, it is estimated that 70% o the whole population of Sudan are Sunni-Muslims who undermine the Non-Muslims.
• Failure of the mediation of the conflict.
• Failure of the traditional system for the allocation of land and water resources
• Ethnicity , Fur have great influence with Abbala than Zaghawa and Masalit.
• Drastic ecological changes
• Civil wars in Southern sudan that resumed 1938.
• Power struggle between Mohamad Al – Bashir and Hassan Al –Turab faction of national Islamic Front (NIF) since 1999.
• Arab racism, highly influenced by Ghadafi military
• The alliance of the two rebels movements SPLA/M and JEM
• Scramble over oil resources.

 IMPACTS OF THE CONFLICT

·        Mass displacement

·        Coercive migration

·        Large humanitarian crises

WAY FORWARD

• Deployment of peace keeping operations by AU, (AMIS), follwed by UNAMID then UNIMIS
• Reconciliations, Sudanese government and the JEM group signed a ceasefire agreement in February 2010. CEASEFIRE, an agreement between opposing groups in the conflict that they will stop fighting, usually for a limited time during which they bwill try to reach more permanent peace agreement.